The title “Head Rotation (Contralateral)” refers to the movement of turning the head away from the side where the involved muscles are contracting. This occurs because certain muscles generate contralateral rotation, meaning that if the muscles on the right side of the neck contract, the head rotates to the left, and vice versa. Head Rotation describes the movement of turning the head along the transverse (horizontal) plane, while Contralateral specifies that the movement is produced by muscles

🔙 The muscles of the back include those that move the vertebral column, help maintain posture, and are involved in movements of the pectoral girdle and arm. The muscles of the back can be categorised into two main groups: the extrinsic and the intrinsic muscles. The extrinsic muscles of the back are generally involved in movements of the pectoral girdle, arm and ribs. The most superficial of the extrinsic muscles are the trapezius and latissimus dorsi muscles. Deep to these muscles, in the inte